1. Explain the three types of long exposures. Short exposure vary from 1/20th of a second to about several seconds, medium exposures are around 1 minute, and long exposure are indefinitely long. 2. How does the use of a neutral density filter change the way the photograph looks? These filters are only used to limit the amount of light entering the camera. 3. What are the steps to shooting lightning? Be creative and use different exposure lengths depending on how much lightning you want in your shot. 4. How are star trails created? Star trails are created using extremely long exposure times. 5. How does Reciprocity Failure change the way the film reacts to light? It changes the amount of individual colors of light exposed to the film.